Mirror Athlete Blog Articles

July 23, 2010

Sleep Apnea an Insidious Angel of Death?

I first heard of sleep apnea about 10 years back, but never gave it a second thought until 2 years ago when an in-law and now a sibling had been diagnosed and treated for this condition.  I was also told within the last 6 months from a good friend of mine while on a walk a childhood buddy of ours had died in his sleep from this disorder.  It is my understanding his early and unnecessary death occurred for lack of following medical treatment protocols.   I refer to this disorder as an insidious angel of death, why?    Because this is a serious health condition and if ignored can kill without warning!  Our childhood friend was around 47 years of age and left his loved ones before his time.  Since this disorder has such a high risk potential for fatality and emotional pain to family and friends, I felt it was high time to write on this topic.

     First let’s understand the definition of apnea.  It is the temporary suspension of respiration, or without breathing.  Sleep apnea when diagnosed is commonly referred to as OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea), or complex apnea.  OSA is the anatomical obstruction that is the cause of airway blockage, where complex can be with obstruction and/or central nervous system problems.  Regardless of sleep disorders cause, it increases the risk of heart failure by way of coronary heart disease for lack of oxygen when breathing is interrupted.  As oxygen levels decrease in the blood, carbon dioxide levels increase.  This condition creates a jumpy nervous system and blood pressure spikes that stresses the heart walls and disturbs heart rhythm.  Over time, this reoccurring condition puts you at risk of a heart attack.  This is not only bad for your heart, but nearly every organ and tissues of the human body creating high risk for many other types of illness and disease. 

     Okay, let’s break this down a little bit more so we can really understand the mechanics of how obstruction occurs.  As the soft palate at the back of the throat collapses during sleep those that suffer from sleep apnea begin to snore and apparently struggle to breath. The obstructive collapse for instance in the neck area while relaxed and during sleep is not able to keep a clear airway passage.  Obstructive soft tissue problems typically occur at the base of the tongue, tonsils and nasal cavity areas.  There is also sleep apnea caused by the central nervous system where the brain is not registering the lungs to breath with regular consistency.  When diagnosed with sleep apnea where obstruction is not the cause, it is understood the problem stems from the central nervous system.  The central system cause of sleep apnea is “not” well understood by researchers why the brain begins to inconsistently regulate breathing during sleep.

     Regardless of whether sleep apnea is caused from an obstructive or neurological problem, lack of oxygen during sleep causes internal disease in the following ways.  When one is awakened abruptly from sleep to catch their breath, adrenaline increases blood pressure which is also believed to contribute to vascular problems.  And with blood pressure surges, one than can also become more at risk for blood clots, stroke, arrhythmias, diabetes hypertension and memory loss.  Sleep apnea may also trigger seizures in the absence of epilepsy, or trigger seizures that were treated well in the past by medications.  In the long run the primary damage caused by this sleep disorder is due to unstable blood pressure regulation and adequate oxygen to the heart and brain.  Sleep apnea has the same risk factors on health as risks associated with heavy smoking.

     Sleep Study Tests Show the Following Results:  While asleep, those with sleep apnea unknowingly experience episodes where they stop breathing.  This can occur 5-50 times per hour and up to 300 times during regular sleep.  But if the “non breathing” episodes only last seconds or less, this does not appear to have a significant health risk to the body.  But if one is sleeping and averages 30 “non breathing” episodes per hourly average where breathing stops up to 10 second intervals minimum between breaths, this is where serious health risk increases and incremental/accumulative damage to the heart occurs.  While loved one(s) and friends assume you simply have a bad, loud obnoxious snore, this could in fact be an indicator of something far worse than irritating those around you.  And also be aware, just because you snore does not mean you have sleep apnea.  Only a sleep study test can prove this for sure.

     High Risk Indicators:  Those that are obese tend to have a lot of fatty tissue and low muscle tone around neck area.  Obesity creates the anatomical characteristics of obstruction potential for impingement, pressing down, or blockage of the airway while lying down.  Also males between 40-70 years of age and diagnosed with sleep apnea have a 68% higher risk of “coronary heart disease” than those without it.  And men that have been diagnosed with OSA have a 58 percent greater risk of “cardiac failure” than those without.  Women don’t appear to suffer from this condition, but science agrees more studies on women are recommended.   The common times of sudden death appear to occur mostly between the hours of midnight to 6am.

   What to look for:  Listen for loud snoring and/or those that fall into the obese category. If both breathing and snoring stops while the chest and body attempt to breath, this is classic of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.  When breathing starts you’ll note a gasp for air and snoring begins again.  

 Other Recommendations and Medical Treatment

  1. Diagnostic tests: Oximetry or polysomnography – If you have insomnia consider asking your doctor to be referred to a Level 3 sleep study where your breathing, oxygen flow, heart rate and chest/abdomen expansion are monitored overnight.
  2.  CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) This is mask worn while sleeping that injects air into the respiratory system without interruption of obstructing air flow to the body.  How it works: The device blows positive pressure into the nose to keep the airway from collapsing.
  3. Sleep at 30 degree elevated level helps to keep gravity pulling down on weakened tissues around the neck area from obstructing airway. 
  4. Decrease weight, stop smoking, chewing tobacco.
  5. If you are diabetic your odds of OSA increase 3-fold. Seek treatment and follow your doctor’s advice for diabetes.
  6. Avoid alcohol, muscle relaxants, chronic opiate use.  The presence of sleep apnea without an obstructive component appears to be a common symptom for those that abuse opiates.
  7. For those with OSA and are candidates for surgery to alter the airway may be your solution to getting away from CPAP dependency.  I.e., Throat, base of tongue and facial skeleton surgery can correct the anatomical obstruction cause.
  8. Check on medications and other treatment for complex sleep apnea that include unknown central nervous system cause, e.g., Acetazolamide to lower blood pressure and encourage respiration.

 References

  1. http://www.medindia.net/news/Risk-of-Heart-Disease-Increases-With-Obstructive-Sleep-Apnea-71310-1.htm
  2. http://www.vancouversun.com/health/Treating+sleep+deprivation+begins+with+proper+diagnosis/3295105/story.html
  3.   http://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/sleep-apnea/news/20050323/sleep-apnea-makes-wee-hours-sudden-death-time
  4.   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_apnea

 Author:  Marc T. Woodard, MBA, BS Exercise Science, USA Medical Services Officer, CPT, RET2010 Copyright.  All rights reserved, Mirror Athlete Publishing @: www.mirrorathlete.com,  Sign up for your Free eNewsletter.

What is Pranic Healing and Does it Work?

It is said that our bodies emit an aura of energy, or body’s life energy.  Our body represents two planes of reality; a visible (physical body) and invisible (bioplastic matter, also known as bio-electromagnetic energy).  It is also said by clairvoyants this 4-5inch luminous energy surrounding our body is our etheric (energy body), or body double.  And if one understands how to manipulate this etheric aura, than one has the ability to self heal and heal others.  Pranic healing is a no-touch energy that originated and was developed by GrandMaster Choa Kok Sul.  Through pushing life energy from the body, a pranic healer can assist others in healing by moving absorbed life energy to heal the physical body, i.e., muscles, glands and organs.  This healing is accomplished without any physical touch from the healer, or patient.  It’s more of the mind’s recognition that this bioplastic matter exists and energy of aura can be redirected to heal.

     Pranic healing is an ancient science that uses energy medicine prana [a Sanskrit word meaning life force] to transform, balance and direct the body’s bio-energy to effect healing change within those that are experiencing ill-health.  This art of healing manipulates prana “ki” (life energy) to heal.  All of us possess the capability to self-repair our living entity.  We only need awareness of “ki” and the meditation energy redirect skills to alleviate, or remove ill-health.

     Our prana is feed from three major sources of earth energy: Solar (sunlight and water exposed by sunlight absorption and consumption), air (deep breathing daily exercises), ground (absorbed through the feet).  Note:  1) Fresh food has more prana than preserved foods.  2)  The air energy centers of the bio-plastic body are also referred to as “chakras.”  3)  Walking barefoot as well as 5-10min of sunlight is also said to be good for the bio-plastic being.  4) Lie down under old oak trees for example that exude and transfer earth energy to being.   5)  Circle yourself around others that are not depressed with lots of positive energy.  These positive energies will transfer to you as a preventative application in self-healing.  6) During inclement weather have a plan to exercise and/or consciously absorb prana from the ground and air.

     One also benefits by learning how to draw in more energy from earth energy such as, instead of short shallow breathing, one learns the practice of deep breathing.  Those with a lot of excess prana can share this healing power with others in need of healing. For example, before a pranic healing session with a practitioner:  Slowly breathe into the nose for a mental count of 8 then slowly exhale through the nose for the same count. Practice this breathing exercise while feeling the panic energy throughout the entire body as you next slowly inhale for a count of 8 and then exhale for a count of 4 through the mouth.  Go back to the 8 count inhale/exhale and feel all the negative energy leave the body.  You are now ready for the self-healing or assisted healing exercise.  You than draw a circle around, or on the body to focus on where the healing life energy is needed if need be.  This can be done within a hospital setting as well by lining a roped circle around the entire patient bed.  White energy can then be focused on the area(s) of healing by the practitioner and patient as the body is positioned easterly.  With each passing of the healers hand approximately 1 inch away from the body and then waving hands to remove the negative energy, healing is than replaced over the affected part of the body with positive white energy.  This process is repeated multiple times which leaves the healer exhausted.  This exhaustion for many is a sign that good energy and healing transference has occurred.

     The basic law that allows this healing to work is based on our aura life energy blue print and self-recovery.  When the energy flow is disrupted through illness, injury or disease so is the life flow energy.  The body does work to repair itself, or recover weather one is familiar with the life energy blue print, or not.  However, with life energy knowledge, the bodies healing can be accelerated by using this life energy to change a chemical reaction in the body.  Pranic energy serves as the catalyst to shift bio-chemical reactions focused on illness to accelerate healing.

    The affected area shows the healer a bioplastic-electromagnetic anomaly signature even before the physical body becomes ill.  For those that become aware of bioplastic energy and self healing life force practices can receive significant healing benefits.  Science is not yet able to measure, or detect life energy with the naked eye.  However with the use of Kirlian photography the energy body is rediscovered.  This technology allows scientists to study our bioplastic body doubles.  It is through this bioplastic body life force our concentrated energy can be centered to heal the physical body.

     Many of you reading this article will read with skepticism because it is not something you can see or science can accurately measure.  But consider this before you turn a blind eye to this natural healing practice.  For thousands of years mankind was blind to electricity, light wave spectrum, etc. Now it is measured, detected all around us and used by consumers to light their home, microwave meals and guide lazar guided missiles.  Ignorance in reality often occurs when science does not understand, or can’t provide quantified data.  How long will it take science to unlock the secrets of the universe?  My point here, if your waiting on science to cure what ails you, I highly recommend you consider pranic self healing therapy while working parallel with Western medicine practices to increase your chances of accelerating the natural healing processes if you’ve exhausted all avenues in healing what ails you or a loved one.

     I’ve watched a couple of video’s on this practice.  Simply go to your search engine, type in Pranic Healing and watch these miraculous healing videos.  The practicing healing physicians and group healer workshops assist and teach patients how to heal themselves and others.   Various cultures use Prana to heal but have different names for life energy healing.  So when you do your search, check under Greek healing (called pneuma); Polynesian healing (mana); Hebrew healing (ruah “breath of energy”).

 Who can use and apply pranic healing?  Anyone of average intelligence and an open mind can learn pranic healing which is said to be easier than learning to drive a car.

 References:

http://www.pranichealing.com/what-pranic-healing

http://www.lifepositive.com/body/energy-healing/pranic-healing/pranic-healing.asp

http://www.themystica.com/mystica/articles/p/pranic_healing.html

 Author:  Marc T. Woodard, MBA, BS Exercise Science, USA Medical Services Officer, CPT, RET2010 Copyright.  All rights reserved, Mirror Athlete Publishing @: www.mirrorathlete.com,  Sign up for your Free eNewsletter.

June 22, 2010

L-Tryptophan, The Obesity, Depression & ADD Silver Bullet Solution?

    What is dietary Tryptophan?  It is one of the 8 essential amino acids our bodies require to function correctly.  It is found naturally in varying degrees within food we eat, such as red meat, milk, eggs, turkey, bananas and chocolate.  How does Tryptophan work to produce benefits for our bodies that could promote natural weight loss, reduce anxiety, increase happiness, remove depression, and promote good sleep?  Could it be possible this essential amino acid supplemented within a diet and known as “L-Tryptophan” could replace ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder), weight loss, anti-depression, anxiety, and insomnia, also obesity prescriptions for you and your children?  The answer will surprise, anger and shock many of you about the health benefits our pharmaceutical industries don’t want you to know about.  This is because the prescription industry is a billion (s) dollar industries that do not want to give up its mind altering and weight loss prescription turf!

     First a little bit of history.  Back in 1991 the US government banned the dietary supplement L-Tryptophan because it was linked to a large outbreak of a deadly disease that killed 38 people in a 1989 study.  After 10 years had passed without incident of use in Europe, the US loosened its marketing restriction on the substance in 2001.  Like anything else, if misused any product may cause ill-health conditions.  Like many competitive industries, and most specifically our pharmaceutical industries back in 1989, they took full advantage of this disaster and profited in the market place by denouncing L-Tryptophan supplementation and created a whole slew of potentially dangerous pharmaceuticals to mimic the benefits of this essential amino acid.  As you will read below, there are still risks of using L-Tryptophan if not used correctly.  But I believe the pharmaceutical cocktail mixes our doctors now prescribe to you and your children have greater risk to our health than this natural occurring supplement.  So instead of our pharmaceutical industries developing a safe use form of this supplementation during its heyday, it was more profitable to create a whole lot of man-made chemicals appearing to do the same thing at greater expense and secondary health risks to the outpatient.

         How does this amino acid work in our bodies to promote health benefits?  Our bodies need serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters which are bio-brain chemicals that allow proper function of our physiology.  Our bodies do not manufacture these neurotransmitters without this amino acid in the diet.  That’s what “essential” means, our body can’t produce this amino acid on its own, and it has to be obtained through the diet.  This is important why?  Because without enough of this essential amino acid in our diet any one of us stand a good chance of suffering from one, a combination, or all ill-health effects in varying degree:  Such as, migraines, low energy, sleepless nights, improper weight regulation, obesity, depression, anxiety and hyperactivity.  And if you are dieting and your diet is a low protein-high carbohydrate diet, you are at greater risk of these ill-health effects.  And there is no one at greater risk than our children because many of our families subscribe to this nutrition imbalance unknowingly.  Primarily by providing, or unknowingly allowing a high sugar-fat and low protein daily diet habit (fast foods, energy drinks, sodas, baked goods, processed foods, etc.).

     Remember, natural occurring products that can be derived from diet will not make these industries wealthy because there is no money in it.  However, today, more consumers are educated about proper use and benefits of L-Tryptophan.  It is making a big comeback in the mainstream weight loss, anti-anxiety/depression and ADD marketplace.  Of course, you can imagine there is big opposition to this movement from the pharmaceutical industry because there is much money to be lost once consumers wean off the man-made “addictive pharmaceuticals.”  I’m not saying all man-made products are without need and merit.  I am saying that there is a point where prescription use should be assessed and a more natural means applied if risk of pharmaceuticals now poses a health risk, and/or the risk could be avoided through use of a natural supplemental program to alleviate the ill-health symptoms to accomplish the same results.  All too often, our physicians and psychiatrists are too quick to prescribe pharmaceuticals when the answer to the problem could be very simple:  A bad diet that may simply require an essential amino acid boost to stimulate manufacturing of the necessary neurotransmitters!

     Can supplementing the diet with L-Tryptophan help us regulate and reduce weight?   Science shows us that this supplement can greatly reduce our cravings for sweets and carbohydrates.  When dieting for example, our serotonin levels appear to decrease which creates a carbohydrate binging and cravings effect.  When our serotonin levels remain low there is a direct correlation with weight gain and obesity.  We know this binging and craving effect as the “Yo-Yo effect.” 

     There “are known side effects” of taking L-Tryptophan if proper dosages and impure quality grade are not followed and considered:  Unlike Tryptophan extracted from the foods in our diet, there appears to be no health risk.   But like anything else we put in our bodies, if you consume too much with frequency and of low nutrition value, a negative to no benefit effect can result making the body ill. 

     Here is a list of possible side effects when misusing, or using L-Tryptophan:  Eosinophilia-Myalgia Syndrome (EMS), or serotonin syndrome.  Symptoms include severe muscle pain, fatigue, and nerve pain, hair loss, rash, dry thickened skin, or skin changes. High eosinophil levels are found in the blood when supplementation has gone wrong.  Also when recommended dosages are disregarded, excess product toxic waste in the body can impact the brain bringing on psychotic symptoms.  This may include confusion, seeing, or hearing things, fast heartbeat, fever, sweating, diarrhea, difficulty walking.  Allergic reactions may include: Rash, hives, itching, swelling of mouth/throat, wheezing, or breathing difficulty.  Science still cannot tell us if EMS is the result of impure or specific brand L-tryptophan that had contaminants.  But for best results, it’s best to ensure a quality pharmaceutical grade is considered for use.

     If L-Tryptophan is supplemented within the right dosages, the scientific data shows the brain will manufacture balanced serotonin and melatonin neurotransmitters promoting a cheerful mood, assist in weight reduction, relieve anxiety, reduce migraine, reduce hyperactivity, reduce depression and promote healthy sleep patterns.  Sounds like the same benefits you’d receive from a doctor’s prescription of man-made pharmaceutical chemicals, does it not?  And for any one individual there could be any combination of literally dozens of dangerous cocktail mixes one could be prescribed at a greater cost to the consumer as opposed to supplementation.  Because this supplement also has many potential risks like prescriptions; it would be prudent to work with your primary physician if interested in supplementing the diet with L-Tryptophan.

     This essential acid is also responsible for manufacturing the neurotransmitter Melatonin (promotes healthy sleep patterns).  Melatonin is also found in an individual supplement tablet that can be purchased over-the-counter.  I’ve used melatonin after working grave yard shifts and I have to tell you this supplement works very well to induce sleep.  But if you’re getting enough dietary tryptophan sleepless nights become less frequent and melatonin supplementation becomes unnecessary.  Think of how you feel after consuming a big turkey meal, very satisfied and sleepy.  This is because turkey has of high concentration per serving of this amino acid in the meat.  Of course, we are all different in our ability to process Tryptophan and manufacture serotonin and melatonin, so these positive statements regarding healthy benefits will vary with each individual.  Also if you’d been advised to reduce the cholesterol in your diet, this will likely mean less animal product consumption, which may likely equate to a reduction of this essential amino acid.  I have not supplemented my diet with L-Tryptophan, but now I’m taking a closer look at it as I age and need to modify diet to better control my cholesterol count. 

 Recommendations:

     If you are a parent that is concerned about your child’s ADD, obesity, anxiety, depression signs and symptoms, consider a high quality L-Trpytophan natural supplementation program monitored by your primary physician for an alternative solution outside of pharmaceutical prescriptions.  Or visit our home site and see our health store for other quality pharmaceutical grade affiliate products.  Also consider seeing your doctor and inquire about supplementing your diet and implementing a parallel prescription plan.  This means, you, or your child don’t stop your prescribed medications, but instead, include L-Tryptophan to supplement the diet, diet modification and slowly work your way off the pharmaceuticals while being monitored by your physician.  If your physician does not want to do this, I’d highly recommend getting a second opinion.

     Many times it appears big pharmaceutical industries skew the natural solutions results because of investor result expectations to achieve profits.  Also, ensure you do your own DD (Due Diligence).  I will provide a couple of links on this topic below for you to get started in further research.  Understand there are literally thousands of Internet links and library resources on this topic.  There is much to be interpreted and derived from the data I found outside of the two links listed below.  I see the positive light behind this form of supplementation.  The pharmaceutical and psychiatric community does not share mine or others enthusiasm over the benefits outweighing the risks in comparison to pharmaceuticals.  Research the Internet and read up on diet Tryptophan versus supplement “L-Tryptophan” and how it may be your silver bullet to weaning off of pharmaceuticals and promoting a good health solution for you and your family.  Good health to you and your family!

 Research Links:  http://www.weight-loss-center.net/L-tryptophan.html; http://mental-health.emedtv.com/l-tryptophan/l-tryptophan-side-effects.html

Author:  Marc T. Woodard, MBA, BS Exercise Science, USA Medical Services Officer, CPT, RET2010 Copyright.  All rights reserved, Mirror Athlete Publishing @: www.mirrorathlete.com,  Sign up for your Free eNewsletter.

December 23, 2009

Defeat Bad Breath

Possibly Brushing and Flossing Would Help My Breath

Possibly Brushing and Flossing Would Help My Breath

 Watch our Chow Dogs Play Fight – Very Entertaining  Unfortunately as we age our digestive and immune systems become less forgiving of what we put into our bodies.  If you couple this with poor hygiene, less exercise, poor consumer habits and mismanaged stress in our lives this is the perfect storm for chronic bad breath.  Although many mystery bad breath disorders originate from the intestines and stomach; bacteria in the mouth, back of throat, abscesses in teeth, gum disease are perfect places for bacteria to putrefy.   This purification also caused by certain foods decaying with bacteria between teeth, gums and tongue often has the smell of sulfur.  Much cause of bad breath has a lot to do with good oral hygiene and proper water hydration throughout the day.  Without water the digestive system will not work to your advantage in cleansing your bad breath.  Many digestion, constipation, diarrhea, stomach problems, headaches, sore joints, muscle pain, dry eye-mouth, etc. ,  is the result of dehydration.  When your stomach is empty and you are dehydrated, those that your close to will tend to keep their distance. 

  Natural Cures, Remedies & Advisement.  How to: Tips on Removing Bad Breath. 

To get the tips and the full story click on the link above.  Before you click on the link to get the most popular breath freshending remedies and tips, comment on what works for you, or other recommendations.  See how many remedies you get right, or that you can contribute to this blog summary befor reading the full story. 

 Digestion problems can occur in vegetarian as well as meat eaters causing bad breath for both.  Try combinations of bad breath problem fix tips above.  What works for one, may not work for others.  Research the Internet under key words I’ve provided at the link above.  Get further insight into combination(s) of successful fresh breath hygiene practices and overall health habits that impact and improve breath.

Author:  Marc T. Woodard, MBA, BS Exercise Science, USA Medical Services Officer, CPT, RET2009 Copyright.  All rights reserved, Mirror Athlete Publishing @: www.mirrorathlete.com,  Sign up for your Free eNewsletter.

July 23, 2009

Recognize Personality Disorders

Personality disorders (PD) are long-term chronic patterns of erratic behavior that most likely will require a lifetime of care.  Common behavioral attributes of PD:  Relationships tend to swing viciously from love to hate; avoid real, or imaged abandonment and view themselves as victims taking very little responsibility for their problems, or themselves.  PD is very susceptible to self harm through drug and alcohol abuse which tends to complicate the disorders exponentially.  Studies show a PD connection to child abuse and neglect; but need not be abused to develop PD.  Personalities of children growing into adulthood diagnosed with personality disorder display antisocial, obsessive, detached, hostile or needy behaviors.  Symptoms:  Crisis is handled through wrist cutting, over dosing, inappropriate anger, binge eating, shoplifting, impulse spending, substance abuse, sexual relationships, unable to be alone, emptiness and boredom.  Recognize PD and seek mental health.

There are currently ten classified Personality Disorder (PD) types within 3 clusters:  1)  Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) “Focused on order and perfection, lack flexibility which interferes with getting things done; Avoidant (APD) social anxiety, self-conscious, social avoidance, rejection hypersensitive; Dependent (DPD) neediness, cling to others, fear of rejection, or suicidal with disintegrating relationships.  2) Histrionic (HPD) melodramatic and over the top, constant emotional storms, seek attention and approval, negative attention is better than no attention; Narcissistic (NPD) feel need to be center of attention, lack empathy, egocentric behavior, feel entitled, misperceive others speech and actions, negative personal interactions; Borderline (BPD) inability to regulate emotion, abrupt mood changes, impulsivity, unpredictable outbursts, highly sensitive to rejection, fear of abandonment, suicide threats and attempts; and Antisocial (APD, or ASPD) manipulative behaviors, lack of empathy, or conscious, adept at cold-calculating manipulation, self-gratification not caring of others.  3) Schizotypal – Odd thought, perception and belief, eccentric looking with speech that is difficult to follow and can become disabling if the disorder becomes persistent; and Schizoid – Detached from social relationships, week social skills, loners (do not wish to be socially outgoing).

References,

1) Moore DP, Jefferson JW. Borderline personality disorder. In: Moore DP, Jefferson JW, eds. Handbook of Medical Psychiatry.  2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier; 2004: chap 138. 

2)  Montandon M, Feldman MD. Borderline personality disorder. In: Ferri FF, ed. Ferri’s Clinical Advisor 2008: Instant Diagnosis and Treatment. 1st ed. Philadelphia, Pa: Mosby Elsevier; 2008. 

World Wide Web References:
3)  (http://personalitydisorders.suite101.com/article.cfm/what is a personality disorder)
4)  http://assets.aarp.org/external_sites/adam/html/1/000935.html?CMP=KNC-360i-YAHOO-HEA&HBX_OU=51&HBX_PK=borderline_personality_disorderPD has a poor outlook because people that go through treatment often do not comply with treatment.  Recommendation:  On-going Group and one-on-one therapy and medication.

Author:  Marc T. Woodard, MBA, BS Exercise Science, USA Medical Services Officer, CPT, RET.  2009 Copyright, All rights reserved.  Mirror Athlete Enterprises Publishing @: www.mirrorathlete.com, Sign up for your free eNewsletter.

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